Essay --

In the period 1865-1900, technology, government policy, and economic conditions all greatly changed American agriculture at the expense of the farmers. New farming machinery had a large role in the late 19th century, giving farmers the opportunity to produce a surplus of crops. The railroads also had a large influence on agriculture. Although they were able to quickly transport goods, the railroads were also used to charge the farmers large fees. The booming industry also changed American agriculture, creating a multitude of monopolies which the farmers simply could not compete. Economically, the monetary policy along with the steadily dropping prices of agricultural produce led farmers further into debt, eventually producing outcomes such as the crop-lien system and sharecropping. All of these tie into government policy which favored the large and wealthy industries and monopolies over the farmers. Farmers began to cultivate vast areas of crops such as wheat, cotton, and corn. A picture of The Wheat Harvest in 1880 shows men on tractors and over a large amount of horses pulling the tractor along the long and wide fields of wheat. As farmers started to accumulate their goods, they needed to be able to transfer the goods across states. Some farmers chose to use cattle trails to transport their goods while others were forced to choose, and pay for, the ever-growing railroad system. Maps provided show the difference in the amount of railroads and cattle trails within the Unites States from 1870 to 1890. Eastern States such as New Jersey, Tennessee, Virginia and many others were filled with existing railroads prior to 1870, as Colonel John Stevens started out his railroad revolutionizing movement in New Jersey in 1815. By 1890 there ... ...e greatly needed and then how they got across to states that would take weeks and months to get to by cattle or wagon. It also showed a time when the economy fell and desperately tried to climb back up. To sum it up, throughout the period 1865-1900, technology, government policy, and economic conditions all changed agriculture in America but at the expense of the farmers. New farming machinery gave frames the ability to produce more crops. Railroads quickly transported goods but also forced farmers to pay hefty fees. The booming industry also changed American agriculture, creating monopolies which the farmers could not compete with. Economically, the monetary policy along with the steadily dropping prices of agricultural produce led farmers further into debt. And, finally, the government policies favored large and wealthy industries and monopolies over the farmers.

Accounting Equations

ACCOUNTING EQUATIONS 1. Show the accounting equation for the following transaction (i) Ram started business with cash 20000, stock 50000, building 30000 (ii) Sold goods to Amit for cash 20000 and credit 15000 (iii) Paid rent 500 and rent outstanding 150 (iv) Sold goods costing 12000 for Rs. 15000 (v) Accrued commission 2000 (vi) Furniture purchased from Lalit 12000 and paid 3000 in cash (vii) Received from Amit 13500 in full settlement (viii) Insurance paid 15000 for 15 months (ix) Commission received in advance 400 (x) Cash deposited into saving bank a/c 7000 xi) Building purchased and paid by cheque 5000 (xii) Paid to Lalit Rs. 8500 in full settlement 2. Ashita began a business as wholesaler of gloves, scarves and caps. The following events have occurred: (i) On January 1 2003, she invested Rs. 1,50,000 in cash in her new business called â€Å"Winter Gifts† (ii) Acquired Rs. 20,000 goods for cash. (iii) A large retail store in Chandigarh, which she hoped would be a big custo mer, closed its business. (iv) Gloves that cost Rs. 300 in transaction (ii) were of wrong style. She returned them and obtained a full cash refund. (v) She sold her personal savings certificates for Rs. ,000 to acquire machinery for â€Å"Winter Gifts†. (vi) She paid two months’ rent in advance for her office Rs. 5,000 Show the effect of the above transactions on the accounting equation. 3. A summary of the transactions of the business of Suresh are as follows:- Please explain the same in form of equations. 2008 March 1) Suresh began business with Rs. 50,000 in cash. 2) Took a loan of Rs. 20,000 from Manish. 3) Purchased for cash, two computers each costing Rs. 29,000. 4) Purchased supplies of floppy disks and stationery for Rs. 6,000/- on credit. 19) Received a price of Rs. 12,000 in cash for software services. 1) Paid creditor for supplies of Rs. 2,000 29) Paid salaries to employees Rs. 4,000/- and office rent Rs. 1,200/- 30) Deposited Rs. 10,000 in Bank. 31) Withdre w Rs. 3,500 in cash for personal use. 31) Paid Rs. 2,000 in cash for employees general insurance. 4. Ram started business with 10,000, paid into bank 7000, bought goods for cash 500, drew cash from bank for credit 100, sold goods to Krishna goods on credit 150, bought from Shyam goods on credit 225, received from Krishna 145 allowed him discount 5, paid Shyam cash 215 discount allowed 10, cash sales for the month 800, paid rent 50 and paid salary 100. . Ramgopal started business with cash 8000. He bought goods for cash 5000. He sold goods worth Rs. 300 for Rs. 400 to Mr. Manoharlal. Paid into bank Rs. 3000. Bought goods from Mr. Hari Rs. 225. Paid cash to Hari Rs. 215, discount allowed by him Rs. 10 Sold goods worth Rs. 400 for Rs. 450 for cash to Mr. Murali. Received cash from Manohar lal Rs. 360 in full & final settlement, Paid for stationary Rs. 30 Paid for office furniture Rs. 200, Sold goods worth Rs. 90 to Mr. Kailash for Rs. 100. electricity charges Rs. 150. Received from Kai lash Rs. 95. 6. Raju commenced business with cash Rs. 30000 Deposited Rs. 5000 into bank Purchase goods for cash Rs. 12000, credit from Mr. X Rs. 18000 Sold goods for cash Rs. 24000 costing Rs. 18000 Paid rent 300 and rent outstanding Rs. 60 Bought furniture Rs. 3000 on credit from Durian Furniture. Bought refrigerator for personal use Rs. 3000 Purchase building Rs. 12000 Withdrew Rs. 9000 in cash from bank and invested Rs. 4500 in shares of XY & Co. Purchase a second-hand two wheeler for staff Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 3000 in cash and balance through a loan. Sold shares costing Rs. 600 for Rs. 900 Paid Rs. 300 for loan and Rs. 180 for interest Received cash for dividends on shares Rs. 20. 7. Shriram commenced business with cash Rs. 30000, stock Rs. 5000 and building Rs. 50000 Paid rent in advance Rs. 1200 Purchase typewriter Rs. 4200 Bought furniture from Mohan on credit Rs. 1800 Purchase goods from Sohan for cash Rs. 21000 Sold goods to Shyam for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 24000 Bought goods from Ramesh Rs. 28000 Shyam paid Rs. 23500 in full & final settlement. Purchase furniture for Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 1500 in cash and balance through a loan Goods destroyed by fire cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Paid half the amount owed to Mohan Sold goods to Ramu for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 4000 Withdrew goods for personal use cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Received Rs. 29700 from Ramu in full settlement of his account Paid Rs. 27820 to Ramesh in full settlement Charge depreciation Rs. 180 on furniture 8. The followings are the assets of a business established 10 years back on 1 April 2010: Cash Rs. 1200, Bank Rs. 40800, Stock Rs. 24000, Machinery Rs. 60000, Furniture Rs. 6000 Narayan Bros Rs. 9000, B K Bros Rs. 15000, The following are the liabilities as on that date: Loan Rs. 30000, JK Bros Rs. 12000 The following transactions occurred during the year: Bought goods on credit from SN & Co.Rs. 6000 Sold goods for cash to Dhiraj Rs. 2400 Sold goods to Narayan Bros on credi t Rs. 6000 Received from Narayan Bros in full settlement of the amount due Rs. 8700 Payment made to JK Bros by cheque Rs. 5850. They allowed them discount Rs. 150 Old furniture sold for cash Rs. 600 Bought goods for cash Rs. 4500 B K Bros paid by cheque. Cheque was deposited into the bank Rs. 15000 Paid for repairs to machinery Rs. 600 Bought goods from JK Bros Rs. 6000. Paid carriage on these goods Rs. 300 Received cheque from Narayan Bros. Deposited in the bank Rs. 5700, discount allowed to them Rs. 00 Paid cheque to JK Bros Rs. 6000. Bank intimated that the cheque of Narayan Bros has returned unpaid. Sold goods worth Rs. 2000 for cash Rs. 3000 Withdrew for private use Rs. 150 9. On December 1, Mr. X purchased second hand machinery from Mr J 30000 against a cheque and spent Rs. 300 on its cartage and Rs. 700 on its installation and Rs. 4000 on its repairs December 3 Paid income tax Rs. 2000 December 16 paid insurance in advance Rs. 1600 December 18 Paid rent of building Rs. 12000, half of the building is used by the proprietor for residential use December 20 Paid life insurance premium Rs. 000 December 26 Goods worth Rs. 2000 and cash Rs. 1000 taken away by the proprietor. December 31 Rent due to land lord Rs. 1000 December 31 Due to clerk Rs. 500 Dece,ber 31 Provide depreciation on the same machinery on 20% pa. 10. April 1 Mr. Singh owes Mr. Robert 15000. On the same day Mr. Harmeet owed Mr. Singh 20000. April 4 Mr. Robert sold goods worth 60000 on trade discount 10% to Mr. Singh. April 6 Mr. Singh sold goods worth Rs. 27,000 to Mr. Harmeet priced at Rs. 30000. April 17 Purchase of Rs. 25000 worth of goods from Robert which was sold to Harmeet at a profit Rs. 5000. April 18 Mr.Singh rejected 10% of Robert’s goods for being defective. April 19 Mr. Singh issued a cash bill of Rs. 10000 to Mr. Harmeet who came personally for this assignment of goods urgently needed by him. April 22 Mr. Harmeet cleared half his amount by cheque, due to Mr. Singh enjoying a half % cash discount April 26 Roberts’s total dues were cleared by cheque enjoying a cash discount of Rs. 1000 on the payment made. April 29 Closed Harmeet’s account to record the fact that all but Rs. 5000 was cleared by him by cheque because he was declared insolvent Evaluate the transactions in the books of Mr. Singh using accounting equation. Accounting Equations ACCOUNTING EQUATIONS 1. Show the accounting equation for the following transaction (i) Ram started business with cash 20000, stock 50000, building 30000 (ii) Sold goods to Amit for cash 20000 and credit 15000 (iii) Paid rent 500 and rent outstanding 150 (iv) Sold goods costing 12000 for Rs. 15000 (v) Accrued commission 2000 (vi) Furniture purchased from Lalit 12000 and paid 3000 in cash (vii) Received from Amit 13500 in full settlement (viii) Insurance paid 15000 for 15 months (ix) Commission received in advance 400 (x) Cash deposited into saving bank a/c 7000 xi) Building purchased and paid by cheque 5000 (xii) Paid to Lalit Rs. 8500 in full settlement 2. Ashita began a business as wholesaler of gloves, scarves and caps. The following events have occurred: (i) On January 1 2003, she invested Rs. 1,50,000 in cash in her new business called â€Å"Winter Gifts† (ii) Acquired Rs. 20,000 goods for cash. (iii) A large retail store in Chandigarh, which she hoped would be a big custo mer, closed its business. (iv) Gloves that cost Rs. 300 in transaction (ii) were of wrong style. She returned them and obtained a full cash refund. (v) She sold her personal savings certificates for Rs. ,000 to acquire machinery for â€Å"Winter Gifts†. (vi) She paid two months’ rent in advance for her office Rs. 5,000 Show the effect of the above transactions on the accounting equation. 3. A summary of the transactions of the business of Suresh are as follows:- Please explain the same in form of equations. 2008 March 1) Suresh began business with Rs. 50,000 in cash. 2) Took a loan of Rs. 20,000 from Manish. 3) Purchased for cash, two computers each costing Rs. 29,000. 4) Purchased supplies of floppy disks and stationery for Rs. 6,000/- on credit. 19) Received a price of Rs. 12,000 in cash for software services. 1) Paid creditor for supplies of Rs. 2,000 29) Paid salaries to employees Rs. 4,000/- and office rent Rs. 1,200/- 30) Deposited Rs. 10,000 in Bank. 31) Withdre w Rs. 3,500 in cash for personal use. 31) Paid Rs. 2,000 in cash for employees general insurance. 4. Ram started business with 10,000, paid into bank 7000, bought goods for cash 500, drew cash from bank for credit 100, sold goods to Krishna goods on credit 150, bought from Shyam goods on credit 225, received from Krishna 145 allowed him discount 5, paid Shyam cash 215 discount allowed 10, cash sales for the month 800, paid rent 50 and paid salary 100. . Ramgopal started business with cash 8000. He bought goods for cash 5000. He sold goods worth Rs. 300 for Rs. 400 to Mr. Manoharlal. Paid into bank Rs. 3000. Bought goods from Mr. Hari Rs. 225. Paid cash to Hari Rs. 215, discount allowed by him Rs. 10 Sold goods worth Rs. 400 for Rs. 450 for cash to Mr. Murali. Received cash from Manohar lal Rs. 360 in full & final settlement, Paid for stationary Rs. 30 Paid for office furniture Rs. 200, Sold goods worth Rs. 90 to Mr. Kailash for Rs. 100. electricity charges Rs. 150. Received from Kai lash Rs. 95. 6. Raju commenced business with cash Rs. 30000 Deposited Rs. 5000 into bank Purchase goods for cash Rs. 12000, credit from Mr. X Rs. 18000 Sold goods for cash Rs. 24000 costing Rs. 18000 Paid rent 300 and rent outstanding Rs. 60 Bought furniture Rs. 3000 on credit from Durian Furniture. Bought refrigerator for personal use Rs. 3000 Purchase building Rs. 12000 Withdrew Rs. 9000 in cash from bank and invested Rs. 4500 in shares of XY & Co. Purchase a second-hand two wheeler for staff Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 3000 in cash and balance through a loan. Sold shares costing Rs. 600 for Rs. 900 Paid Rs. 300 for loan and Rs. 180 for interest Received cash for dividends on shares Rs. 20. 7. Shriram commenced business with cash Rs. 30000, stock Rs. 5000 and building Rs. 50000 Paid rent in advance Rs. 1200 Purchase typewriter Rs. 4200 Bought furniture from Mohan on credit Rs. 1800 Purchase goods from Sohan for cash Rs. 21000 Sold goods to Shyam for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 24000 Bought goods from Ramesh Rs. 28000 Shyam paid Rs. 23500 in full & final settlement. Purchase furniture for Rs. 9000 giving Rs. 1500 in cash and balance through a loan Goods destroyed by fire cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Paid half the amount owed to Mohan Sold goods to Ramu for cash Rs. 30000 costing Rs. 4000 Withdrew goods for personal use cost Rs. 300 sale price Rs. 360 Received Rs. 29700 from Ramu in full settlement of his account Paid Rs. 27820 to Ramesh in full settlement Charge depreciation Rs. 180 on furniture 8. The followings are the assets of a business established 10 years back on 1 April 2010: Cash Rs. 1200, Bank Rs. 40800, Stock Rs. 24000, Machinery Rs. 60000, Furniture Rs. 6000 Narayan Bros Rs. 9000, B K Bros Rs. 15000, The following are the liabilities as on that date: Loan Rs. 30000, JK Bros Rs. 12000 The following transactions occurred during the year: Bought goods on credit from SN & Co.Rs. 6000 Sold goods for cash to Dhiraj Rs. 2400 Sold goods to Narayan Bros on credi t Rs. 6000 Received from Narayan Bros in full settlement of the amount due Rs. 8700 Payment made to JK Bros by cheque Rs. 5850. They allowed them discount Rs. 150 Old furniture sold for cash Rs. 600 Bought goods for cash Rs. 4500 B K Bros paid by cheque. Cheque was deposited into the bank Rs. 15000 Paid for repairs to machinery Rs. 600 Bought goods from JK Bros Rs. 6000. Paid carriage on these goods Rs. 300 Received cheque from Narayan Bros. Deposited in the bank Rs. 5700, discount allowed to them Rs. 00 Paid cheque to JK Bros Rs. 6000. Bank intimated that the cheque of Narayan Bros has returned unpaid. Sold goods worth Rs. 2000 for cash Rs. 3000 Withdrew for private use Rs. 150 9. On December 1, Mr. X purchased second hand machinery from Mr J 30000 against a cheque and spent Rs. 300 on its cartage and Rs. 700 on its installation and Rs. 4000 on its repairs December 3 Paid income tax Rs. 2000 December 16 paid insurance in advance Rs. 1600 December 18 Paid rent of building Rs. 12000, half of the building is used by the proprietor for residential use December 20 Paid life insurance premium Rs. 000 December 26 Goods worth Rs. 2000 and cash Rs. 1000 taken away by the proprietor. December 31 Rent due to land lord Rs. 1000 December 31 Due to clerk Rs. 500 Dece,ber 31 Provide depreciation on the same machinery on 20% pa. 10. April 1 Mr. Singh owes Mr. Robert 15000. On the same day Mr. Harmeet owed Mr. Singh 20000. April 4 Mr. Robert sold goods worth 60000 on trade discount 10% to Mr. Singh. April 6 Mr. Singh sold goods worth Rs. 27,000 to Mr. Harmeet priced at Rs. 30000. April 17 Purchase of Rs. 25000 worth of goods from Robert which was sold to Harmeet at a profit Rs. 5000. April 18 Mr.Singh rejected 10% of Robert’s goods for being defective. April 19 Mr. Singh issued a cash bill of Rs. 10000 to Mr. Harmeet who came personally for this assignment of goods urgently needed by him. April 22 Mr. Harmeet cleared half his amount by cheque, due to Mr. Singh enjoying a half % cash discount April 26 Roberts’s total dues were cleared by cheque enjoying a cash discount of Rs. 1000 on the payment made. April 29 Closed Harmeet’s account to record the fact that all but Rs. 5000 was cleared by him by cheque because he was declared insolvent Evaluate the transactions in the books of Mr. Singh using accounting equation.

Library Management Synopsys

LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ABSTRACT The project titled Library management system is Library management software for monitoring and controlling the transactions in a library. The project â€Å"Library Management System† is developed in java, which mainly focuses on basic operations in a library like adding new member, new books, and updating new information, searching books and members and facility to borrow and return books. â€Å"Library Management System† is a web based application written for Windows operating systems, designed to help users maintain and organize library.Our software is easy to use for both beginners and advanced users. It features a familiar and well thought-out, an attractive user interface, combined with searching Insertion and reporting capabilities. The report generation facility of library system helps to get a good idea of which are the books borrowed by the members, makes users possible to generate reports’ hard copy. EXISTING SYSTEM In our existing system all the transaction of books are done manually, So taking more time for a transaction like borrowing a book or returning a book and also for searching of members and books.Another major disadvantage is that to preparing the list of books borrowed and the available books in the library will take more time, currently it is doing as a one day process for verifying all records. So after conducting the feasibility study we decided to make the manual Library Management System to be computerized. DISADVANTAGES OF CURRENT SYSTEM * The current system is very time consuming. * It is very difficult to generate report manually. * A Chance of losing the gathered data is more. Sending the report through post is time consuming. * It reduces the burden of collecting the information on staff. PROPOSED SYSTEM Proposed system is an automated Library Management System.Through our software user can add members, add books, search members, search books, update information, edit inform ation, borrow and return books in quick time. Our Proposed system has the following advantages. * User friendly interface * Fast access to database * Less error More Storage Capacity * Search Facility REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION Hardware requirements: Machine: Pentium 4 or higher Primary memory : 128MB or above Secondary memory: 100MB of free space Monitor: VGA color Software requirements: Operating System:Windows XP and higher Browser:Internet Explorer 8 and higher Web/Application server:Apache tomcat server 7. 0 Database: Mysql-essential – 5. 1. 30 Languages:JSP, HTML IDE:Eclipse Helios MODULES: * Admin * Member MODULE DESCRIPTION:In Admin login module, Administrator can read and write information about any members, and can update, create and delete the record of membership as per requirement and implements, and keeps track of issues and submission of books and report generation facility of library system helps to generate reports’ hard copy. In Member login module, M ember keeps track of issues and submission of books, can update, create, and delete details of Books. DATA FLOW DIAGRAM: ADMINISTRATOR BOOK RETURN BOOK ISSUE MEMBER ADD MEMBER MEMBER DATABASE UPDATE BOOK DELETE BOOK ADD BOOK STUDENT DATABASE BOOKS DATABASE

Benefits of Early Literacy Learning Essay

Education is a fundamental aspect of a person’s social, economic, and emotional developmental. Starting education early is therefore advantageous. Focusing specifically on early literacy; statistics prove that an early literary development can radically improve a child’s chance for a formidable career. Early literacy developmental practices have been taking place for many years now. Many different literacy programs offer statistical and other information to demonstrate the benefits of learning literacy early. In true effect of the experimental learning and teaching; the instructors keep detailed records of the lessons taught and the grade improvements of the students. The other side of the early literacy learning is to have a control group that they are teaching without the focus on early literacy, thus being able to generate a detailed analysis of the children’s improvements and success rate. One high quality literacy program released details about their program and the outcome of the program on their students. As stated by two authors, â€Å"Strengths in the overall program that services provided resided in†¦ literacy links across the curriculum and throughout the day. † (Arthur and Makin) In this same educational facility they had a record of which programs were the strongest and which programs did not demonstrate as well. â€Å"There were seven ECLLS [Early Childhood Language and Literacy Scale] items on which more than 50 per cent of the rooms observed received a high rating (six or seven out of a total seven). These were as follows: furniture for routine care, play and learning room; room arrangement for play; encouraging children to communicate; fine motor activities; staff-child interactions; and program schedule and grouping. † Depicting the importance of structured play times and environmental factors can have on learning. Also stating the â€Å"Four services received a high rating for the new literacy subscale, with most settings scoring 3 out of seven. In the settings with the high ratings staff were extending children’s literacy through the following practices: reading environmental print with children; integrating literacy across the curriculum and throughout the day; engaging in literacy interactions with children; and promoting metalinguistic development† (Arthur and Makin) In this particular educational facility the staff used all resources to their advantage, from the simple hand washing sigh to other hygienic posters. The staff had set aside times for writing, play, and reading to help incorporate forms of literacy into all things done through the day. Through their curriculum and the observations of others this facility was able to statistically prove that an early start with literacy highly benefited these children. When considering the statistics there are some graphs that support, and show that early literacy is essential to doing well over all. â€Å"The impact of Teacher Responsively Education on Preschoolers’ Language and Literacy Skills,† provides direct evidence in standard chart format with a control group and tested group. (American Journal p323) Showing a direct relationship between early literacy and developmental improvement, a second graph from the American Journal, the graph shows the improvements from the fall testing and the spring testing of the impacts of early literacy. The graph shows the statistical improvement between the two testing times, providing direct evidence of the impact on the children tested. There are many facilities that provide the numbers on which the improvement was made; it spans all over the globe. Over all upon testing during the fall semester the control group initially started roughly at 3. 3%; where are the test group tested at a slightly higher 3. 4%. During the spring semester the control group tested lower still at print concept than the test group rising only . 28% from the initial testing scores. Reaching across the seas Australia has also been participating in the analysis of early literacy and its benefits on the overall aspect of children’s lives. In an article titled â€Å"Books, bytes and brains,† authors Hopkins, Brookes, and Green dive deeply into early literacy development and its impact on all areas of the lives of children. As stated in this article, â€Å"Literacy and numeracy are core life skills, the [acquisition of which has] profound consequences for individuals, families, communities and nations. † Literacy is essential these authors believe to a child’s overall future, â€Å"Improving literacy in contemporary society has been amply demonstrated to improve live chances for individuals across divers domains including health, mental health, housing, educational outcomes, employment opportunities, income levels, involvement with crime, and civic participation. † (Hopkins, Brookes, and Green) So many different areas are affected by a person’s literacy from the simple school grades to if they’ll end up in prison. Hopkins, ect al. states that â€Å"Traditional kinds of literacy skills are measured in programs such as NAPLAN are based on an understanding of a skilled reader as someone who ‘locates, understands, and interprets written information in prose and documents – including manuals, graphs, and schedules- to perform tasks; learns from text by determining the main idea or essential message; identifies relevant details, facts, and specifications; infers or locates the meaning of unknown or technical vocabulary; and judges the accuracy, appropriateness, style, and plausibility of reports, proposals, or theories of other writers. † With their definition of what an actual skilled reader is, it can seem almost impossible for a child to gain all those skills in their short school career. Therefore starting literacy early can give a child the advantage of gaining the firm foundation of those skills before they are being presented to them in the classroom. When starting the early foundation of early literacy there are some draw backs to the programs, or glitches that haven’t been worked out yet. â€Å"Analysis of data from the rating scales, staff interviews and parent focus groups indicates that a number of areas required further development. Even for those settings that rated highly for literacy. These include, building on home experiences; extending children’s home languages and literacies; utilizing technology and popular culture; and integrating literacy resources and staff-child interactions in dramatic play. † (Arthur, Makin) Improvement in these areas has been underway since the date of the article, in this program as well as others. Implementing home language and literacies could have a drastic effect on the early learning literacy because many homes now in America are not solely English speaking homes, where most lessons in school or an Early Learning Academy to teach early literacy are taught in English. Tying into home experiences can help a child more associate the lesson being taught because they can incorporate the object, lesson, or event with words or effective language skills. Even with the hiccups the early literacy programs have, there are visible benefits of the lessons they are teaching. Seeing the results of the early literacy programs is phenomenal, but looking at the other side research shows some negative effects of what happens when early literacy is not implemented. â€Å"Recent research shows that children who are ‘raised in a [non-academically] oriented environments have less experience using decontextualized language than their peers. †¦These children may communicate more readily through using images, physical activity, and symbolic representation’. † (Hopkins, Brookes and Green) With that research a child with the early literacy training entering the second grade for example has a better chance of being able to vocalize opinions or even understanding of a lesson than a child who has had no early literacy training. With education being at the heart of every aspect of life it is highly important to give children every chance to succeed. Word Count:1,244.

Advertisement Review essay

English 100 Young and Reckless Commercials have become a major part of our lives today. There are those that stand out when they are viewed and others that do not deserve to be aired. The Taco Bell advertisement features an old man and his clique who decide to sneak out of a retirement home and go out for a crazy night as they re-live their younger days. Generally, the advertisement has a need for sex, escape, aesthetic sensation and attention as it targets all age groups in the society from the young to the old. Taco Bell shows us that age is nothing but a number and it is not only young people that can get wild and loose.This particular commercial shows us how a group of senior citizens snuck out of their retirement home let off some steam with a crazy night out. The background music for this rebellious evening was perfectly chosen: the Spanish version of â€Å"We Are Young,† by Fun. The old folks embark on a series of mischievous events that are typically associated with ch ildren and young adults. They start by invading someone’s property and dive into the owners pool, lighting firecrackers on someone’s front door, go partying in a club where they have fun, and one of them ends up with a â€Å"GOLDBATT† tattoo across his back.After a long night of mischief the gang winds up at Taco Bell for some delicious Mexican food. The advertisement is freaky, hence catching your attention by elderly folks being put in certain situations that are past their age. In most cases, not every viewer will relate to the age of the characters, but what is seen in the commercial is enough to attach you to it. This commercial targets all age groups, from the young to the old, but in my opinion it mainly targets teenagers and young adults, around the ages of fifteen to twenty-four.This age group contributes the most to fast food industries, one of them being Taco Bell. By featuring senior citizens in the ad, it adds humor and brainwashes young adults who want to have the same fun the commercial portrays, then finish the night by eating at Taco Bell. By a small percentage, it also targets people with low income, people who have cars and alcohol users. Taco Bell’s commercial comes out strongly with the need for escape. This is quite evident, as most of us know how retirement homes work.Senior citizens are confined in a home with not much to do, but in this ad we assume that the elderly folks could not take it anymore and decided to sneak out and have an adventurous and pleasurable night: one that they would never have experienced at the retirement home. At the end, they are seen eating outside Taco Bell, presumably very early the morning. Many people would also say the commercial has the need for attention. This is evident, as you would not expect a group of senior citizens to sneak out of a retirement home to go do activities that young adults do during the early hours of the night.That is why it gets your attention and makes you want to see what happens next and, before you know it, you have already been brainwashed by the tacos the elderly have after a crazy night. Also Taco Bell goes ahead and establishes a need for aesthetic sensations, though not common in this ad, but it is evident. This need is achieved when the featured elderly went to a club and had fun dancing and drinking as the night goes by, experiencing pure bliss. The final appeal that this advertisement portrays is the need for sex.This is evident with the scene at the club where an elderly woman comes out of the bathroom with a young man who apparently has lipstick marks on his cheek. Also in the club, we see many people making out and the kind of dance that are being danced at the club. Advertising has been around for a long time and ads are used to introduce new products to the market, hoping for better returns. Most of us take ads for granted as we think that they are not able to influence us, but we are wrong. Advertisers have sat do wn and worked out strategies on how to manipulate us without us even realizing it.One way they manipulate us is by having ads that appear in the clear in order have an influence. In the article â€Å"This Is Yours Brain On Ads: An internal Battle,† Maya Cueva talks about how the brain responds to advertisements that we watch on a daily basis. She talks about how kids were watching an ad and how they used to go into a zone where you stop thinking and just watch, which is exactly what the ad wants. She meets up with Mark Kishiyama, a lab director at NeuroFocus, who shows her how her brain reacts to advertisements in three different ways: attention, emotional engagement, and memory.This study of how the brain reacts to ads is how advertisers come up with ways to make their ads more effective in a short amount of time. With this article and the Taco Bell ad, we see that advertisers capture our attention by having featured elderly people in the commercial which captivates the view er to want to see more, but we are being manipulated and put in the zone where we stop thinking and just watch, thinking that a 30 second ad is fast and that its not going to influence us, but it does.Taco Bell sums up their advertisement with the needs for attention, escape, aesthetic sensation and sex which are all very evident in the commercial. With the inclusion of senior citizens in the ad’s cast, Taco Bell created a curious environment for viewers who wanted to know what would happen next, because no one would expect to see elderly people doing what teenagers would usually be doing, at their age.In my opinion this ad was well done and am sure it manipulated many other people, not just me. Featuring the elderly partying, having fun, then ending up at Taco Bell for food was the highlight of this ad and, personally would go out and have fun with this posse of senior citizens because they are fun. WORKS CITED 1. Maya , Cueva. â€Å"This Is Your Brain On Ads: An Internal à ¢â‚¬ËœBattle'. † NPR. N. p. , 14 june 2. Web. .

Different Styles of Recent British Prime Ministers Essay

Different Styles of Recent British Prime Ministers - Essay Example Amongst the most renowned prime ministers in Britain are such as Winston Churchill; who led Britain during the second world war, Margaret Thatcher who is commonly referred to as the iron lady, John Major and Lloyd George (Bennister, 2012). This discussion looks into the similarities and differences in leadership approaches of latest British prime ministers. These are john Major, Tony Blair, Gordon Brown and the incumbent David Cameron. Major John rose to the position of prime minister after serving for 11 years in parliament; Blair became the prime minister after serving for fourteen years. Gordon Brown waited for twenty five years before becoming prime minister, and the current Prime Minister Cameron took nine years before becoming prime minister. Prime ministers govern depending on their styles of management. Major John was accommodative and tolerant, allowing a greater variety of opinion. He stressed on consensus and collegiality, giving the department as much autonomy as possible . He rarely interfered with the decision making of departments during tenure (Bennister, 2012). Tony Blair is known for his authoritative style having developed a standing for enforcing strong discipline both in his party and cabinet. Blair assigned discretion to strong ministers prepared to follow the government without question. His autocratic style attracted criticism of assuming presidential powers. Cameron leadership is characterized by several policies, the Majority of which are propelled by the need to trim down the government expenditure. Having secured office in 2010, Cameron came in office at a time when Britain was grappling with economic downtowns. The following valuables will be the basis of evaluation leadership styles and aptitude. These are proficiency and communication skills, political skills, emotional intelligence, organizational capacity and policy vision. Proficiency and communication skills Tony Blair has an outstanding proficiency in public communication, usu ally described as an exciting politician, who is able to interact well with the media. His strong control over the government’s message was highly successful in imposing unity and projecting an image of competence. How Blair managed communications during the 1999 Kosovo war, was an illustration of this skill. On the other hand, Major John and Gordon Brown are not proficient and good communicators (Bennister, 2012). Cameron is also known for his communication skills, which is enhanced by background in television. Organizational capacity Cameron noticeable organization skills are his self confidence and inner motivation. He strives to excel and accomplish objectives. He sets intricate goals and works on how the objectives will be accomplished. His strong communication skills enable him to respond positively to setbacks whenever they occur. He is able to remain calm under strenuous circumstances. Cameron organizational capacity has been put under criticism as a result of his jud gments with regards to key government appointments. Major John had a strong organizational capacity due to his democratic leadership. His reign had few ad hoc cabinet meetings and fewer ad hoc committees to compete for a central position in policy making. Tony Blair and Gordon Brown had less organizational capacities, and usually struggled to find arrangements that suited them.

E-commerce for The Enterprise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E-commerce for The Enterprise - Essay Example Thus, the website will have features which will enable it to address the weaknesses in its daily operations, enhance its processes, and pursue its long-term goals. Currently, The Enterprise has twenty outlets all over United Kingdom which operates the same system but lack the integration needed by retailing operations. Thus, the first issue which should be addressed by the business organization is the integration of its outlets through the use of internet technology. Thus, the website will feature an intranet which allows staff to log-on, access, and use information which is specific to the business organization (De Wit and Meyer 2002). In the e-commerce technology proposed, each outlet will be linked together through an intranet which will be shared by the entire business organization. Through this intranet, communication among staff will be facilitated (Duyne et al 2003). Discussions on promotional activities like sales and discounts will be organized through this intranet. Also, recording of sales and other administrative matters will be rationalized by providing a single template which will be used by each of the outlet. Calendars will also be shared and the database of sales for a particular period will also be made available for decision makers. This intranet will allow The Enterprise to immediately and conveniently compare performance, tailor strategies specific to each store, and retrieve important information in each store(Duyne et al 2003). Because of these functions and features, the intranet is expected to cut administrative cost and paper works done by the headquarters. 2. Business to Business Capabilities The integration of the business organization should allow the company to carry out functions which will enable them to reap economies of scale. Acting as an integrated unit, the retailer can gain advantages in unifying its ordering and delivery processes. In its move of harnessing the full power of e-commerce, business to business model should also be adopted. The Entreprise website then should allow other players in its value chain to take a more active part in the company's operations (Kotler 2005). Included here are its various suppliers and logistics partners. In the current setting, each of the retail outlets of The Enterprise conducts their separate ordering and logistics functions with the supplier that they prefer. The ordering system is manual and each outlet reaches an average of three days for placing orders, receiving, verifying, and replenishment of stocks (Kotler and Armstrong 2002). Being in the retailing industry, the availability of products in each of the outlet is a very important concern. Stock-out costs are costs associated with a retailer which runs out of stock when a customer intends to purchase them. These costs are not only seen to be in terms of the foregone opportunity to sell to the buyer but also in their loyalty and the image that the retailer will have to a customer. Thus, relationship with suppliers will be an integral part of the e-commerce system which will be installed. In order to save a significant amount of cost, The